Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that affects the colon (large intestine) or rectum (end of the
colon).
It is one of the most common cancers worldwide but is highly treatable if detected early.
Who is at Risk?
- Age above 50 years
- Family history of colorectal cancer or polyps
- Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis)
- Poor diet low in fiber and high in red/processed meat
- Smoking, alcohol consumption, and sedentary lifestyle
- Obesity
Symptoms
- Blood in stool (bright red or dark)
- Changes in bowel habits (constipation, diarrhea, or narrow stools)
- Abdominal pain, cramps, or bloating
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue or anemia
- Feeling of incomplete bowel emptying
Screening & Diagnosis
- Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
- Colonoscopy – gold standard for diagnosis
- CT colonography
- Biopsy for confirmation
Treatment Options
- Surgery: Removal of cancerous tissue (colectomy or rectal resection)
- Chemotherapy: Systemic treatment to target cancer cells
- Radiation therapy: Often used for rectal cancer to shrink tumors before surgery
- Targeted therapy & Immunotherapy: For advanced cases
Prevention & Lifestyle Advice
- Regular screening after age 50, or earlier if high-risk
- High-fiber diet with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
- Limit red and processed meat
- Maintain healthy weight and regular exercise
- Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol
Early detection is crucial for successful treatment. If you notice any persistent symptoms
or have risk factors, consult a colorectal surgeon for evaluation and screening.